Onthidgnl xin chia sẻ tài liệu Unit 5 Tiếng Anh 12 – Từ vựng, ngữ pháp và bài tập bổ trợ ôn thi THPTQG môn Tiếng Anh. Trong Unit 5: The World of Work, chúng ta sẽ cùng khám phá thế giới công việc qua hệ thống từ vựng, ngữ pháp và bài tập bổ trợ chi tiết. Tài liệu được biên soạn bám sát chương trình mới, tổng hợp kiến thức từ vựng quan trọng về các ngành nghề, môi trường làm việc, kỹ năng cần thiết, cùng với phần ngữ pháp chuyên sâu về câu đơn, câu ghép và câu phức. Đặc biệt, bài tập thực hành có đáp án sẽ giúp củng cố kiến thức và nâng cao kỹ năng làm bài. Cùng tham khảo nhé
Tóm tắt nội dung UNIT 5. THE WORLD OF WORK
- PART I. VOCABULARY: Liệt kê và định nghĩa các từ vựng liên quan đến chủ đề “Thế giới công việc” (The World of Work), được phân loại theo các phần học như Getting Started, Language, Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing, Communication & Culture / CLIL, và Looking Back and Project. Ngoài ra còn có một phần riêng về Collocations/Phrases.
- PART II. GRAMMAR: Trình bày lý thuyết về câu đơn, câu ghép và câu phức (Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences).
- PART III. PRACTICE: Bao gồm các bài tập thực hành đa dạng để củng cố kiến thức từ vựng và ngữ pháp, chẳng hạn như:
- Bài tập phát âm và trọng âm.
- Bài tập chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu.
- Bài tập điền từ vào chỗ trống trong các đoạn quảng cáo/thông báo.
- Bài tập sắp xếp câu để tạo thành đoạn văn/bức thư có nghĩa.
- Bài tập đọc hiểu.
UNIT 5. THE WORLD OF WORK (Từ vựng, ngữ pháp, bài tập bổ trợ kèm đáp án chi tiết)
PART I. VOCABULARY
a. Vocabulary
GETTING STARTED
1. shift /ʃɪft/ (n): ca làm việc
2. put up /pʊt/ /ʌp/ (phr.v): thể hiện
3. stressful /ˈstresfl/ (adj): căng thẳng
4. give up /gɪv ʌp/ (phr.v): từ bỏ
5. look after /lʊk ˈɑːftə(r)/ (phr.v): chăm sóc
6. accountant /əˈkaʊn.tənt/ (n): kế toán
7. regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ (n): quy định
8. client /ˈklaɪənt/ (n): khách hàng
9. follow in someone’s footsteps /ˈfɒl.əʊ ɪn ˈfʊt.step/ (idiom): nối gót, theo nghiệp ai
10. good at / ɡʊd æt/ (collocation): giỏi về
11. interested in /ˈɪn.trɪst / (collocation): quan tâm
LANGUAGE
12. apprenticeship /əˈprentɪʃɪp/ (n): học việc
13. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ (v): ngưỡng mộ
14. exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ (v): tồn tại
15. salary /ˈsæləri/ (n): lương
16. retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ (v): nghỉ hưu
17. challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/
18. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ (v): tuyển dụng
19. meet /miːt/ (v): đáp ứng
20. well-paid /ˌwel ˈpeɪd/ (adj): được trả lương cao
21. promote /prəˈməʊt/ (v): thăng chức
22. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): bằng cấp
23. babysitter /ˈbeɪ.biˌsɪt.ər/ (n): người trông trẻ
24. submit /səbˈmɪt/ (v): nộp, gửi
25. apply for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ (collocation): ứng tuyển/ nộp hồ sơ
26. bonus /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ (n): tiền thưởng
27. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ (adj): thích hợp
28. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ (adj): bổ ích
READING
29. vacancy /ˈveɪkənsi/ (n): vị trí còn trống
30. flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ (adj): linh hoạt
31. review /rɪˈvjuː/ (n): đánh giá/ nhận xét
32. base on /beɪs ɒn/ (phr.v): dựa vào
33. look for /lʊk. fɔːr/ (phr.v): tìm kiếm
34. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ (n): từ thiện
35. casual /ˈkæʒuəl/ (adj): theo thời vụ, tạm thời
36. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ (adj): có trách nhiệm
37. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ (adj): nhiệt tình
38. organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ (adj): có tổ chức
39. available /əˈveɪləbl/ (adj): có sẵn
40. unpaid /ˌʌnˈpeɪd/ (adj): không được trả lương
41. on-the-job /ˌɒn.ðəˈdʒɒb/ (adj): trong công việc
42. employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ (n): nhân viên
SPEAKING
43. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ (adj): kiên nhẫn
44. repetitive /rɪˈpetətɪv/ (adj): lặp đi lặp lại
45. teaching assistant /ˈtiː.tʃɪŋ əˌsɪs.tənt/ (n.p): trợ giảng
46. attendance /əˈtendəns/ (n): sự tham dự
47. supervise /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/ (v): giám sát
48. time management /taɪmˈmænɪdʒmənt/ (n.p): quản lý thời gian
LISTENING
49. interfere with /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ (phr.v): can thiệp, ảnh hưởng
WRITING
50. receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ (n): nhân viên lễ tân
COMMUNICATION & CULTURE / CLIL
51. endure /ɪnˈdʒʊər/ (v): chịu đựng
52. squeeze /skwiːz/ (v): ép, chen lấn
53. reflective /rɪˈflek.tɪv/ (adj): phản chiếu
54. resell /ˌriːˈsel/ (v): bán lại
55. hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ (adj): chăm chỉ
56. part-time /ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/ (adj): bán thời gian
57. concentrate on /ˈkɒn.sən.treɪt ɒn / (collocation): tập trung
58. wage /weɪdʒ/ (n): (n): tiền công trả theo tuần
59. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ (n): phỏng vấn
60. mud /mʌd/ (n): bùn
61. bucket /ˈbʌkɪt/ (n): cái xô
62. crawl /krɔːl/ (v): trườn, bò
63. scuba diver /ˈskuː.bə ˌdaɪ.vər/ (n.p): thợ lặn
64. professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ (adj): chuyên nghiệp
LOOKING BACK AND PROJECT
65. reference /ˈref.ər.əns/ (n): tài liệu tham khảo
66. hospitality industry /ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti ˈɪn.də.stri / (n.p): ngành công nghiệp khách sạn
67. valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ (adj): có giá trị
COLLOCATIONS/ PHRASES
68. on a night shift: làm ca buổi tối
69. apply for something: ứng tuyển cho vị trí gì
70. interfere with something: can thiệp vào cái gì
71. wait on tables: phục vụ đồ ăn thức uống cho khách trong nhà hàng
72. give rise to something: khiến điều gì xuất hiện
73. go on a business trip: đi công tác
PART II. GRAMMAR
UNIT 5. SIMPLE, COMPOUND, AND COMPLEX SENTENCES
(REVIEW AND EXTENSION) –
(Câu đơn, câu ghép và câu phức – ôn tập và mở rộng)
1. Câu đơn
Câu đơn là loại câu chỉ gồm một mệnh đề độc lập.
Ex: He has been working for this company for 2 years.
2. Câu ghép
Câu ghép là loại câu gồm hai hoặc nhiều mệnh đề độc lập, nối với nhau bằng liên từ kết hợp như and (và), but (nhưng), nor (cũng không), yet (nhưng), so (vì vậy), hoặc liên từ tương quan như not only … but also (không những … mà còn), hoặc một trạng từ liên kết như as a result (kết quả là), moreover (hơn thế nữa), in fact (thực tế là), on the other hand (mặt khác).
Ex: He had an excellent performance at the interview, so he was offered the job. Being a teacher is a demanding job; moreover, you don’t earn a high salary.
3. Câu phức
Câu phức là loại câu gồm một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc nối với nhau bằng liên từ phụ thuộc như when (khi), while (trong khi), because (vì), although (mặc dù), if (nếu), so that (để mà).
PART III. PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. enthusiastic B. qualification C. shift D. Overtime
2. A. rewarding B. relevant C. stressful D. flexible
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
3. A. bonus B. employ C. attend D. review
4. A. accountant B. attendance C. hard-working D. supervise
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. I realise that a rigid ______ schedule isn’t suitable for me.
A. responsible B. enthusiastic C. nine-to-five D. hard-working
2. The company hopes to fill a ______ for the head of the development team.
A. bonys B. vacancy C. wage D. Review
3. Apprentices will be provided with valuable ______ training.
A. on-the-job B. nine-to-five C. stressful D. Tiring
4. Teaching young minds, though low-paid, can be a very ______ career for some.
A. stressful B. challenging C. responsible D. Rewarding
5. The store owner decided to increase the minimum ______ for workers to address concerns about living expenses.
A. fare B. pension C. wage D. Fine
6. As a leader, Sam is responsible for ______ his team’s progress and ensuring that project deadlines are met.
A. attending B. shifting C. employing D. Supervising
7. He left school without formal qualifications, he couldn’t find a good job.
A. but B. so C. or D. Yet
8. Henry tried to hone his business English skills ______ he could enhance his employability.
A. if B. though C. so that D. Moreover
9. Working the night______at the hospital can be very tiring for some nurses.
A. overtime B. shift C. bonus D. Qualification
10. There’s still a______for a customer service representative at the car repair shop.
A. responsibility B. review C. wage D. Vacancy
11. Recent recruits will undergo___training to acquaint themselves with company procedures.
A. well-paid B. rewarding C. on-the-job D. Challenging
12. Due to the increased demand, employees had to work______to meet the deadlines.
A. qualification B. vacancy C. overtime D. Shift
13. Automation is likely to______the loss of many manual jobs.
A. give rise to B. wait on C. interfere with D. apply for
14. Sarah prefers to find a(n) ______job with a stable income.
A. nine-to-five B. on-the-job C. ill-paid D. Tiring
15. Those who have exceptional performance throughout the year will be awarded a year-end
______.
A. overtime B. bonus C. duty D. Qualification
16. Candidates must have necessary______and at least two years of experience working as a sales representative.
A. vacancies B. shifts C. reviews D. Qualifications
17. He found a well-paid job______he had no formal academic qualifications.
A. though B. because C. unless D. If
18. Lucy was an outstanding employee, ______she got a promotion.
A. and B. but C. so D. Or
19. During your first week of probation, you will be ______ by one of our experienced managers.
A. endured B. supervised C. waited D. Interfered
20. Voluntary work is often ______, but it equips you with essential life skills.
A. adaptable B. patient C. unpaid D. well-paid
21. Henry is a ______employee; he always tries to finish his tasks before deadlines.
A. reliable B. demanding C. repetitive D. Stressful
22. ______ labourers who work outdoors often expose themselves to unpleasant weather conditions.
A. Tiring B. Repetitive C. Organised D. Casual
23. Not only managers but also employees need to be ______and able to quickly adjust to new
conditions.
A. unpaid B. organised C. confident D. Adaptable
24. The ability to ______actually hinders your progress and overall performance.
A. interfere B. multitask C. endure D. Demand
25. One of the ______of working for this company is free access to the gym.
A. perks B. responsibilities C. positions D. Apprenticeships
26. ______you are proficient in Japanese, you will stand a better chance of getting the job.
A. However B. Although C. While D. Because
27. My brother pursued higher education ______ he could get a better job.
A. not only B. so that C. either D. even though
Exercise 4: Read the following advertisement / announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
Task 1.
|
Join our team as a Mechanic!
Apply now to showcase your skills and grow in (3) ______ dynamic work environment. |
1. A. on B. for C. in D. of
2. A. Responsible B. Relevant C. Enthusiastic D. Challenging
3 . A. the B. an C. Ø (no article) D. a
|
4. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø (no article)
5. A. friendly B. friends C. friendship D. befriend
6. A. or B. so C. but D. and
Task 2.
|
Teaching Assistant wanted We are seeking an enthusiastic teaching assistant to join our team at PNE English. As (1) ________ teaching assistant, you will work closely with teachers to support students in their learning and development. Requirements: ● (2) ________ interpersonal skills ● Patience towards students ● Ability to work (3) ________ in a team This is a rewarding opportunity to contribute to their academic success. (4) ________ you are passionate about education, we would love to hear (5) ________ you. |
1. A. an B. the C. a D. ∅
2. A. Strength B. Strong C. Strengthen D. Strongly
3. A. well B. good C. better D. worse
4. A. While B. Although C. But D. If
5. A. in B. about C. to D. from
Task 3.
|
Want to become a chef? Join our apprenticeship programme!
For further information, contact us at 0897543216. Start your culinary journey today! |
1. A. to B. in C. from D. at
2. A. wage B. responsibility C. position D. leadership
3. A. an B. Ø (no article) C. the D. a
|
Join Our Team! We’re Hiring Sales Superstars! Are you passionate about sales? Do you love connecting with people? We have an exciting opportunity in our Sales Department! Join us in driving success and delivering (4) _____service.
If you are interested in this position, don’t hesitate (6) _____Ms. Lam at 0356789110. Apply now and start your journey with us! |
4. A. except B. exceptional C. exception D. exceptionally
5. A. which B. whose C. whom D. where
6. A. to contact B. to contacting C. contact D. contacting
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
Task 1.
a. Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. I have attached my CV for your review and am eager to discuss how my skills could benefit your team further.
b. I am excited to apply for the part-time shop assistant position at For Teens Shop for the upcoming summer.
c. I look forward to hearing from you.
d. I can work flexible hours in the summer and will do my best on the job.
e. I am a quick learner. I am also comfortable working in a fast-paced environment and collaborating with team members to achieve common goals.
A. a – b – d – e – c B. b – e – d – a – c
C. a – c – d – b – e D. a – d – e – c – b
Task 2.
a. Firstly, it can negatively impact students’ academic performance as balancing work and studies can be challenging.
b. Secondly, long working hours and deadlines may lead to insufficient time for studying, assignments, and exam preparation, resulting in lower grades and decreased learning outcomes. This can be particularly difficult for students during exam periods.
c. Finally, having a part-time job also makes students stressed, exhausted, and burnt out, which may impact their mental health with higher stress levels, anxiety, and depression.
d. Taking on part-time jobs while attending school can bring about some disadvantages.
e. In conclusion, part-time jobs can also lower academic performance and create stress. Students should carefully consider these factors before taking on a part-time job to balance work and study at the same time.
A. c – a – b – e – d B. d – c – b – a – e
C. d – a – b – c – e D. d – c – e – a – b
Task 3.
a. Just wanted to share some exciting news – I’ve picked up a part-time job recently.
b. Though it’s keeping me busy, I’m managing my time well.
c. The environment is vibrant, and the team is amazing.
d. Take care.
e. Dear Mai, I hope you’re doing well!
f. Plus, it’s a great way to earn some extra cash while studying.
g. Let’s catch up soon and I’ll tell you more about it.
h. It’s at a local café, and I’m loving it.
i. I think you’d enjoy working here too.
A. e – a – f – h – c – b – i – g – d B. e – a – c – h – b – f – i – g – d
C. e – a – h – c – f – b – i – g – d D. e – a – h – f – c – i – b – g – d
Task 4.
a. However, managing classroom dynamics and meeting diverse learning needs require patience and adaptability.
b. Working as a teacher is both challenging and fulfilling.
c. Despite the demanding nature of the job, teachers find joy in witnessing their students’ growth and achievements.
d. Ultimately, being a teacher is a noble profession that leaves a lasting impact on individuals and communities alike.
e. Moreover, fostering meaningful connections with students and colleagues creates a supportive and enriching environment.
f. Nevertheless, the sense of purpose derived from shaping the future generation outweighs the challenges.
g. Every day brings new opportunities to inspire and educate young minds.
A. b – e – g – f – c – a – d B. b – g – c – e – a – f – d
C. b – a – e – g – f – c – d D. g – b – c – e – a – f – d
Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
①
When applying for a job, the process involves several stages. Firstly, individuals need to apply for the position by (1) _____their résumé and cover letter. Employers then review applications to identify candidates with (2) _____ qualifications and experience. (3) _____employers receive numerous applications, it’s essential to impress them with a well-written résumé and compelling cover letter.
After initial screening, selected candidates may be invited for interviews to further (4) _____ their suitability for the role. During the interview stage, candidates have the opportunity to showcase their skills, experience, and personality, ultimately leading to the decision to employ the most (5) _____ candidate.
1. A. interfering B. balancing C. submitting D. supervising
2. A. organised B. patient C. challenging D. relevant
3. A. If B. Whereas C. Although D. Because
4. A. assess B. endure C. recruit D. employ
5. A. suit B. suitable C. suitability D. suitably
②
Doing an apprenticeship is challenging, but incredibly rewarding. When they serve their apprenticeship, individuals gain hands-on experience in their chosen field (1) _____.They work under supervised conditions, (2) _____and skill development.
(3) _____, apprenticeships offer a direct pathway to a full-time position within the industry. So, apprentices not only learn the theoretical aspects of their trade but also apply (4) _____in real-world settings. This combination of practical experience and theoretical knowledge equips apprentices with valuable skills and prepares them for (5) _____.
1.
A. if they earn qualifications B. while earning qualifications
C. though earned qualifications D. when they earned qualifications
2.
A. allowing for practical learning B. allow for practical learning
C. to allow for practical learning D. allow practical learning
3.
A. In spite of traditional education routes B. Because of traditional education routes
C. Unlike traditional education routes D. Not only traditional education routes
4.
A. it B. that C. them D. Theirs
5.
A. successful careers in their chosen fields
B. succeeding in their chosen careers of fields
C. their success of their chosen careers of fields
D. successfully chosen fields of careers
Exercise 9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
①
Around the world, there are some jobs that may seem quite strange and surprising to you.
A. Train pushers
In Japan, the railway system is huge and everyone there uses trains. This makes them overcrowded most of the time. During rush hour, railway station attendants called ‘pushers’ or ‘oshiya’ do the strangest job in the world – they push passengers into trains. They have to do this because of the large number of commuters who wish to arrive at their desired locations on time. That’s why they must endure the pain in squeezing themselves inside the train.
B. Cleaners of the world’s highest building
Have you ever wondered how the world’s tallest building, Burj Khalifa, in Dubai, is cleaned? It takes a team of 36 window cleaners a total of three months to clean the tower’s reflective windows. Working from the height of more than 800 metres, the cleaners face huge challenges especially during bad weather. They must be the bravest cleaners in the world.
C. Golf balls divers
Every year in the UK, millions of golf balls get lost in the water around golf courses. This gave rise to the demand for golf ball divers whose job is to dive deep into the lakes and ponds around golf courses to find the lost balls. Most of them are professional scuba divers, but they spend long hours crawling around in mud and carrying heavy buckets. On average, they find 5,000 balls per lake. After cleaning them, they resell or recycle the balls. Sounds dangerous, doesn’t it?
(Adapted from Global Success)
1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Typical Jobs B. Well-paid Jobs
C. Unusual Jobs D. Low-paid Jobs
2. The word them in paragraph A refers to .
A. trains B. attendants C. passengers D. commuters
3. According to paragraph A, what do ‘oshiya’ do during rush hour?
A. They count the number of commuters.
B. They endure the pain inside the train.
C. They push passengers into trains.
D. They pay attention to each commuter.
4. The word bravest in paragraph B is closest in meaning to .
A. most dangerous B. craziest C. most courageous D. happinest
5. All of the following are said about golf ball divers EXCEPT .
A. The majority of them are professional scuba divers.
B. They resell or recycle the balls after cleaning them.
C. Their job is to find lost golf balls underwater.
D. They earn a lot of money from their job.
Exercise 10: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
Jake, a high school graduate, chose not to pursue a degree. Instead, he joined the workforce. He started as an apprentice waiter at a local restaurant. On a night shift, he learned the ropes, multitasking between taking orders, serving customers, and clearing tables. Though the work was repetitive and stressful, Jake remained determined.
Over time, Jake absorbed the restaurant’s rhythm and atmosphere. He observed chefs preparing dishes and managers operating the restaurant.
Years passed, and Jake’s dedication paid off. He worked diligently and successfully learned about restaurant management. With determination, he opened his own restaurant. Today, it is crowded with diners enjoying delicious meals. From apprentice waiter to restaurant owner, Jake’s journey is a testament to hard work and determination. He looks back on his time as an apprentice, where he laid the foundation for his culinary dreams.
1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. From an Apprentice to a Chef
B. Gaining Success without a University Degree
C. Problems Faced by High School Leavers
D. An Inspiring Story of a University Graduate
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one task Jack had to do during a night shift?
A. collecting bills B. serving customers
C. clearing tables D. taking orders
3. The word repetitive in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to .
A. demanding B. boring C. interesting D. patient
4. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to .
A. management B. Jack’s restaurant C. dedication D. determination
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Jake decided not to pursue higher education and join the labour force.
B. Jake’s restaurant is bustling with customers who come to enjoy tasty meals.
C. Jake learned about restaurant management during his apprenticeship as a waiter.
D. It was hard work that laid the foundation for Jake’s cooking dreams.
Xem nội dung Unit 5 Tiếng Anh 12 – Từ vựng, ngữ pháp và bài tập bổ trợ chi tiết và đáp án tại đây:
Mọt Tiếng Anh đã tổng hợp toàn bộ từ vựng, ngữ pháp trọng tâm và bài tập có đáp án của Unit 5 Tiếng Anh 12. Đây là nền tảng vững chắc giúp bạn chinh phục các bài kiểm tra và đặc biệt là kỳ thi THPTQG 2026. Chúc các bạn sĩ tử học tốt và đạt điểm số thật cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới!
